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浅谈效率化与损失

植物百科2022-04-09 19:14:12
浅谈效率化与损失

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp前言&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp一个事业的经营要有利润,要有发展首重经营效率,讲求速度效率,便是提高产能,缩短工期降低成本。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp花卉生产业不似一般工业工厂,只要齐备厂房、机器、人员即可生产,紧急时亦可加班增加产量,随时可管制成品品质,调整生产速度;而植物是活的、有生命的,其有部分是不可刻塑的,时间对她来说是漫长的。因此效率对于花卉的生产是格外的要紧,如今花卉的栽培周期,较从前有明显的缩短,随着栽培设备的研发、导入,加上不断的品种改良,无论质与量都有长足的进步,可是不经意的损失往往被业者忽略了,有概念的经营者未予执行,没有概念的业者则不知怎样执行,因次让我们大家来共同面对此一课题,找出不经意的浪费、损耗,也许您的事业会变的更有竞争力。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp何谓效率化(efficiency)?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp效率就是从质与量的方面来掌握,人与设备的运作状况,其与提高生产品质与数量之最大附加价值。主要手段为下列几项:&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(一)在质的方面&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp1.&nbsp减少不良品。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp2.&nbsp提高产品品质。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp3.&nbsp加强人员教育。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp4.&nbsp慎选栽培品种。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(二)在量的方面&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp1.&nbsp充分运用设备空间。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp2.&nbsp提高运转频率。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp3.&nbsp闲置的充分控制。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp损失(loss)&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(一)阻碍效率化造成损失&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp1.&nbsp设备故障造成之损失。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp2.&nbsp人员方面能力不足产生之损失。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp3.&nbsp生产物品种之不佳造成之损失。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(二)突发损失与慢性损失&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp1.&nbsp突发性的损失:突发性损失比较单纯,容易归纳其因果关系,其现象多由于工作条件之改变所致,如:&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(1)&nbsp由于设备故障(包括车辆、机具、自动化温控设备)所造成之损失。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(2)&nbsp由于停电、停水、天然灾害所造成之损失。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(3)&nbsp由于人员超作不当、疏忽造成之损失。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(4)&nbsp未进行预防保养(清洁、消毒、防疫)等造成的病虫害损失。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp2.&nbsp慢性损失:多半是复合性原因所致,其因果关系不易掌握,其现象多为持续性的不良现象。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(1)&nbsp采用不适合之设备。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(2)&nbsp人员管理不当,专业技能不足。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(3)&nbsp所采用之方法有误或经营方式不当。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp※&nbsp必须将已往的管理重点全面加以修正检讨,以打破现状(Break&nbspthrough)的观念来因应。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(三)慢性损失在经济方面损失之比较&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp慢性损失虽然较突发损失小,但由于经常发生,其累积损失金额反而较大。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp原因的把握&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp1.&nbsp单一原因:如果显现化的话,容易采取对策。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp2.&nbsp复数原因:针对每一个可能的原因,逐项研拟对策,个个予以击破。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp3.&nbsp复数原因的组合:任何可疑或会影响的原因都不能放过,一定要采取必要的对策,并养成追根究底的习惯。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(四)慢性损失的背景&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(五)慢性损失被搁置的理由&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp1.&nbsp由于未找出真正的原因或是采用错误的解决方法,以致效果不彰。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp2.&nbsp认为非进行设备、方法更新否则无法改善。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp3.&nbsp管理者仅凭个人经验判断搁置。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp※&nbsp未能针对现地、现物和现实等三现主义,找出病症对症下药,损失持续的存在。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(六)目前普遍存在之慢性损失&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp1.&nbsp执行面偏差或不力造成之损失。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp2.&nbsp低估损失只看到显在化的损失,而未能发觉潜在化的损失。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp3.&nbsp由于生长过程其中的一环遭受阻碍造成之损失(腐烂、破损、肥伤、药伤、机械伤害、病虫害)。&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(七)&nbsp发觉损失的检查表(内部管理)&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp1.&nbsp是否有错误的品种?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp2.&nbsp数量是否正确?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp3.&nbsp用肥、用药的成分、比例、周期是否正确?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp4.&nbsp植材的种类、品级、使用对象是否正确?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp5.&nbsp浇水周期、干湿度是否正确?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp6.&nbsp换盆时机是否正确?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp7.&nbsp名称的标示是否正确?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp8.&nbsp是否有生长阻碍或停滞的品种(植株)?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp9.&nbsp温度、光线是否在控制在范围内?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp10.&nbsp有否有植株异常老化?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp11.&nbsp有否有异常的病虫害?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp12.&nbsp盆内有否长草?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp13.&nbsp不良率是否在合理的范围?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp14.&nbsp未能如期交货其原因在哪里?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(八)发觉损失的检查表(设备)&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp1.&nbsp是否设备老化?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp2.&nbsp是否有逆流的过程?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp3.&nbsp是否有无目的的情形?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp4.&nbsp是否有未达满载条件的情形?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp5.&nbsp尽管有较优良的方法是否有不采用的情形?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp6.&nbsp是否有运用效率低的设备?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp7.&nbsp是否有故障高的设备?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp8.&nbsp是否有能源损失较多的设备?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp9.&nbsp是否有容易产生操作错误的设备?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp10.&nbsp是否有闲置不用的设备?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(九)发掘损失的检查表(人的作业)&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp1.&nbsp从过程中发掘损失的观点&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(1)&nbsp是否有逆流的过程?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(2)是否有无目的的情形?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(3)&nbsp是否有未达满载功用条件的情形?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(4)&nbsp是否有材料无变化、变质的情形?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(5)&nbsp尽管有较优良的方法是否有不采用的情形?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp2.&nbsp从单位抽查发掘损失的观点&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(1)&nbsp是否有无目的的作业?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(2)&nbsp固守既有的方法,尽管有较优良的方法,是否有不采用的作业?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(3)&nbsp是否有未达规定条件的作业?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(4)&nbsp虽有规定条件,是否有满载作业?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(5)&nbsp是否有作业规定条件以上的品质?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp3.&nbsp从工作抽查发掘损失的观点&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(1)&nbsp搬运机械是否有空移动?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(2)&nbsp搬运是否由人手来执行?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(3)&nbsp搬运对象的物品是否有时整顿、有时散乱?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(4)&nbsp是否有无作业而等待?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(5)&nbsp是否有异常作业?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(6)&nbsp是否有检查作业?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(7)&nbsp是否有装上卸下的重复作业?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp4.&nbsp从作业分析发掘损失的观点&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(1)&nbsp是否有无目的的过程?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(2)&nbsp为达目的、既存的方法,尽管有较优良的方法,是否有不采用?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(3)&nbsp是否有规定条件的作业?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(4)&nbsp是否有作业规定条件以上的品质?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(5)&nbsp是否有弯腰的动作?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(6)&nbsp是否有必要做判断的作业?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(7)&nbsp是否有过重的作业?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(8)&nbsp是否有发生寻找工具、物品的作业?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(9)&nbsp是否有无法提高作业速度的作业?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(10)&nbsp是否有待料而停顿的作业?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(11)&nbsp是否有必须结伴的作业?&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp结论&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp设备、流程以及人为的管理,其手法有很多种,而这一些方法、手段、概念一定要配合现场实际的运行操作,这里面有很多的环节,内容运用到下列项目:&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp※5S管理

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp※&nbspTPM(全员管理)&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp※&nbsp品管(QC)&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp※&nbsp合理化&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp※&nbsp效率化&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp我们希望贵事业单位从5S做起,从目标管理做起,加上提升效率、减少损失来降低成本,则笔者之用心便没白费,您说是吗?(*美达兰园 苏南回)

*相关链接:5S管理是什么?

工作现场做到——

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp1S&nbsp整理(SEIRI)&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp将工作场所的任何物品区分为必要的和不必要的必要的留下,不必要的清除掉

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp2S&nbsp整顿(SEITON)&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp把留下的依照规定的合理位置放置,并明确标示

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp3S&nbsp清扫(SEIOS)&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp将工作场所清扫干净

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp4S&nbsp清洁(SEIKETSU)&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp维持上述成果

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp5S&nbsp素养(SHITSUKE)&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp每位成员养成良好习惯,遵守规则做事。文明的员工是文明管理的根本保证。

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp如何推行5S?

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp教育宣传,使5S理念深入人心&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp成立推行组织,设置推行委员会&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp开展5S活动周&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp教育培训&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp组织实施&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp定期考察评分&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp5S推行技巧

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp红牌作战&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp考察中发现不合乎5S要求的现象,就地张贴“红牌”进行警告,限时纠正&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp配合处罚

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp检查表&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp检查组纪录检查结果——检查表&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp纪录措施和结果

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp目视管理&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp放置位置用标准化的标示牌、标示线等“一看便知”的方法进行标示&nbsp

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp人员的着装上也明显标示,方便管理&nbsp.


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